Julie Anne Smith has been a director since September 2016. Previously, Ms. Smith served as: Chief Executive Officer and a member of the board of directors of Nuvig Therapeutics, Inc., a privately held biopharmaceutical company focused on recombinant human therapeutics for autoimmune disease, from 2023 to 2024; as President and Chief Executive Officer and member of the board of directors of ESCAPE Bio Inc., a privately held, clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on therapeutics for genetically defined neurodegenerative diseases, from 2018 to 2022; and as President and Chief Executive Officer and member of the board of directors of Nuredis, Inc., a privately held biotechnology company, from 2017 to 2018. Prior to Nuredis, she served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Raptor Pharmaceutical Corp., a publicly held biopharmaceutical company focused on treatments for rare diseases from 2015 until the company s acquisition by Horizon Pharma plc in 2016, where she also served as Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer from 2012 to 2014. From 2008 to 2012, Ms. Smith served as Chief Commercial Officer of Enobia Pharmaceuticals prior to the company s acquisition by Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Previously, Ms. Smith served as Vice President of Commercial at Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc from 2006 to 2008, as Vice President, Global Marketing at Genzyme General from 2001 to 2005, and in operations and business development roles at Novazyme Pharmaceuticals, from 2000 to 2001. Ms. Smith began her industry career at Bristol-Myers Squibb Company in 1996. Ms. Smith has served as a member of the board of directors of Stoke Therapeutics, Inc., a publicly held biotechnology company focused on genetic disease therapeutics, since 2020. Previously, Ms. Smith served as a member of the board of directors of Audentes Therapeutics, Inc., a publicly held, clinical-stage biotechnology company focused on gene therapy products for rare diseases, from 2016 until its acquisition by Astellas Pharma Inc. in 2020, and as a Director on the Health and Emerging Companies Sections of the Biotechnology Innovation Organization (BIO) board. Ms. Smith holds a B.S. in biological and nutritional sciences from Cornell University.