Pamela G. Carlton , after 22 years as an investment banker on Wall Street, launched research and consulting firm Springboard Partners in Cross Cultural Leadership LLC, where she has been President since 2003. Ms. Carlton retired as a Managing Director and Associate Director of U.S. Equity Research at JPMorgan Chase in May 2003, having also served as Director of U.S. Equity Research for Chase Asset Management from 1996 to 1999. Prior to JPMorgan Chase, Ms. Carlton was an investment banker with Morgan Stanley for 14 years in corporate finance and capital markets. While at Morgan Stanley, she was also Co-Director of U.S. and Latin America Equity Research. Ms. Carlton began her career as a corporate attorney at Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton. Ms. Carlton also serves on the following Boards: director/trustee of the Columbia Mutual Fund complex and two Columbia closed-end funds, where she is the Chair of the Board; Apollo Commercial Real Estate Finance, Inc., where she chairs the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee; DR Bank, where she chairs the Audit Committee; and New York-Presbyterian Hospital. She has served on the Board of Visitors of Yale School of Management, the Board of Visitors of Yale Law School, and the Board of Trustees of Williams College. Ms. Carlton earned a B.A. from Williams College and was elected President of the Williams College Phi Beta Kappa Society. She earned a J.D. from Yale Law School and an M.B.A. from Yale School of Management.